Thermal-Based Remote Sensing Solution for Identifying Coastal Zones with Potential Groundwater Discharge

Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is an essential process of the hydrological cycle by hydraulically connecting land and sea. However, occurrence, importance effects SGD remain largely underexplored. Here, we developed validated a straightforward tool for mapping potential areas in coastal ecosystems Portugal. Our approach was based on premise that relatively cooler groundwater discharging to warmer waters manifests thermal band satellite imagery acquired during summer months. We then used Landsat 8 infrared (TIR) derive sea surface temperature standardized anomalies maps. The results confirmed capacity TIR remote sensing identifying areas. analysis enabled us acquire useful visual-spatial correlation between location potentiometric surfaces aquifers. This way, over 20 were identified. study makes important contribute our current research status developing cost-efficient which can be as first level large Further investigation needed quantify its effect receiving ecosystems, especially those located within environmentally protected